
核心原则
故障发生后立即检测并报告,防止无效状态在系统中传播。
1. 输入验证
class userregistration { public function register(array $data): void { // validate all inputs immediately $this->validateemail($data['email']); $this->validatepassword($data['password']); $this->validateage($data['age']); // only proceed if all validations pass $this->createuser($data); } private function validateemail(string $email): void { if (!filter_var($email, filter_validate_email)) { throw new validationexception('invalid email format'); } if ($this->emailexists($email)) { throw new duplicateemailexception('email already registered'); } }}
目的:
防止无效数据进入系统通过在复杂操作之前失败来节省资源向用户提供清晰的错误消息维护数据完整性
2. 配置加载
class appconfig { private array $config; public function __construct(string $configpath) { if (!file_exists($configpath)) { throw new configurationexception("config file not found: $configpath"); } $config = parse_ini_file($configpath, true); if ($config === false) { throw new configurationexception("invalid config file format"); } $this->validaterequiredsettings($config); $this->config = $config; } private function validaterequiredsettings(array $config): void { $required = ['database', 'api_key', 'environment']; foreach ($required as $key) { if (!isset($config[$key])) { throw new configurationexception("missing required config: $key"); } } }}
目的:
确保应用程序以有效配置启动防止由于缺少设置而导致运行时错误使配置问题立即可见简化调试配置问题
3. 资源初始化
class databaseconnection { private pdo $connection; public function __construct(array $config) { try { $this->validatedatabaseconfig($config); $this->connection = new pdo( $this->builddsn($config), $config['username'], $config['password'], [pdo::attr_errmode => pdo::errmode_exception] ); } catch (pdoexception $e) { throw new databaseconnectionexception( "failed to connect to database: " . $e->getmessage() ); } } private function validatedatabaseconfig(array $config): void { $required = ['host', 'port', 'database', 'username', 'password']; foreach ($required as $param) { if (!isset($config[$param])) { throw new databaseconfigexception("missing $param in database config"); } } }}
目的:
确保资源正确初始化防止应用程序使用无效资源运行使资源问题在启动期间可见避免由于无效资源导致的级联失败
4. 外部服务调用
class paymentgateway { public function processpayment(order $order): paymentresult { // validate api credentials if (!$this->validateapicredentials()) { throw new apiconfigurationexception('invalid api credentials'); } // validate order before external call if (!$order->isvalid()) { throw new invalidorderexception('invalid order state'); } try { $response = $this->apiclient->charge($order); if (!$response->issuccessful()) { throw new paymentfailedexception($response->geterror()); } return new paymentresult($response); } catch (apiexception $e) { throw new paymentprocessingexception( "payment processing failed: " . $e->getmessage() ); } }}
目的:
防止使用无效数据进行不必要的 api 调用节省时间和资源提供有关 api 问题的即时反馈在外部服务交互期间保持系统可靠性
5. 数据处理管道
class DataProcessor { public function processBatch(array $records): array { $this->validateBatchSize($records); $results = []; foreach ($records as $index => $record) { try { $this->validateRecord($record); $results[] = $this->processRecord($record); } catch (ValidationException $e) { throw new BatchProcessingException( "Failed at record $index: " . $e->getMessage() ); } } return $results; } private function validateBatchSize(array $records): void { if (empty($records)) { throw new EmptyBatchException('Empty batch provided'); } if (count($records) > 1000) { throw new BatchSizeException('Batch size exceeds maximum limit'); } }}
目的:
确保整个处理过程中的数据一致性防止部分处理无效数据尽早发现数据问题简化复杂管道中的错误跟踪在转换过程中保持数据完整性
快速失败的好处
早期错误检测更干净的调试防止级联故障维护数据完整性提高系统可靠性
最佳实践
使用强类型声明实施彻底的输入验证抛出特定异常在流程的早期进行验证在开发中使用断言实施正确的错误处理适当记录失败
何时使用快速失败
输入验证配置加载资源初始化外部服务电话数据处理管道
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