从一次查询中随机返回一条数据,一般使用mysql的order by rand() 方法来实现
例如: 从20万用户中随机抽取1个用户
mysql> select * from user order by rand() limit 1;+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+| id | phone | password | salt | country_code | ip |+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+| 15160 | 6549721306 | e4f302120c006880a247b652ad0e42f2 | 40343586 | 86 | 127.0.0.1 |+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+1 row in set (0.25 sec)mysql> explain select * from user order by rand() limit 1;+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+---------------------------------+| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+---------------------------------+| 1 | SIMPLE | user | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 200303 | Using temporary; Using filesort |+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+---------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
根据分析结果,运行需要0.25秒,order by rand() 需要使用临时表(Using temporary),需要使用文件排序(Using filesort),效率低下。
改进方法
1.首先获取查询的总记录条数total
2.在总记录条数中随机偏移N条(N=0~total-1)
3.使用limit N,1 获取记录
代码如下:
分析:
mysql> select * from user limit 23541,1;+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+| id | phone | password | salt | country_code | ip |+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+| 23542 | 3740507464 | c8bc1890de179538d8a49cc211859a46 | 93863419 | 86 | 127.0.0.1 |+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)mysql> explain select * from user limit 23541,1;+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------+| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------+| 1 | SIMPLE | user | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 200303 | NULL |+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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