Xtrabackup是一个对InnoDB做数据备份的工具，支持在线热备份(备份时不影响数据读写)，是商业备份工具InnoDB Hotbackup的一个很好
xtrabackup是一个对innodb做数据备份的工具，支持在线热备份(备份时不影响数据读写)，是商业备份工具innodb hotbackup的一个很好的替代品。
Xtrabackup有两个主要的工具：xtrabackup、innobackupex
1、xtrabackup只能备份InnoDB和XtraDB两种数据表，而不能备份MyISAM数据表
2、innobackupex是参考了InnoDB Hotbackup的innoback脚本修改而来的.innobackupex是一个perl脚本封装，封装了xtrabackup。主要是为了方便的 同时备份InnoDB和MyISAM引擎的表，但在处理myisam时需要加一个读锁。并且加入了一些使用的选项。如slave-info可以记录备份恢 复后，作为slave需要的一些信息，根据这些信息，可以很方便的利用备份来重做slave。
Xtrabackup下载地址：
选择合适的版本，，我这里选择binary。
解压到/usr/src/目录，解压后目录名percona-xtrabackup-2.1.3，进入到bin目录，即可直接使用innobackupex命令
# pwd
/usr/src/percona-xtrabackup-2.1.3/bin
# ls -l
total 112396
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 110738 Jun 7 11:43 innobackupex
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 110738 Jun 7 11:43 innobackupex-1.5.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2211237 Jun 7 11:43 xbcrypt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2285672 Jun 7 11:43 xbstream
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13033745 Jun 7 11:43 xtrabackup
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 16333506 Jun 7 11:43 xtrabackup_55
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 80988093 Jun 7 11:43 xtrabackup_56
在开始使用的时候可能会报如下错误：
sh: xtrabackup_55: command not found
innobackupex: fatal error: no ‘mysqld’ group in MySQL options
解决办法xtrabackup_55复制到/usr/bin下即可。
# cp /usr/src/percona-xtrabackup-2.1.3/bin/xtrabackup_55 /usr/bin/
建立mysql备份用户：
mysql> GRANT RELOAD, LOCK TABLES, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO ‘backupuser’@’localhost’ identified by ‘skEBfef5E2’;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
备份脚本内容（每周一次全备，六次增量备份，保留2周的备份，并压缩）：
#!/bin/bash
BEGINTIME=`date +”%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S”`
format_time=`date +”%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S”`
week=`date +%w`
backupbin=/usr/src/percona-xtrabackup-2.1.3/bin
backdir=/data/databasebak/bak
file_cnf=/etc/my.cnf
user_name=backupuser
password=”skEBfef5E2″
db=”db1 db2 db3 db4″
out_log=$backdir/xtrabackup_log_$format_time
time_cost=$backdir/xtrabackup_time.txt
if [ -f “$backdir.lastlastlastweek.gz” ];then
rm -rf $backdir.lastlastweek.gz
mv $backdir.lastweek.gz $backdir.lastlastweek.gz
fi
if [ -d “$backdir/rec5” ];then
gzip -cr $backdir >$backdir.lastweek.gz
rm -rf $backdir
mkdir $backdir
fi
#full
if [ ! -d “$backdir/full” ];then
echo “#####start full backup at $BEGINTIME to directory full” >>$time_cost
$backupbin/innobackupex –defaults-file=$file_cnf –no-timestamp –user=$user_name –password=$password –slave-info –databases=”$db” $backdir/full 1> $out_log 2>&1
break;
elif [ ! -d “$backdir/rec0” ];then
echo “#####start 0 incremental backup at $BEGINTIME to directory rec0” >>$time_cost
$backupbin/innobackupex –defaults-file=$file_cnf –no-timestamp –user=$user_name –password=$password –slave-info –databases=”$db” –incremental –incremental-basedir=$backdir/full $backdir/rec0 1> $out_log 2>&1
break;
elif [ ! -d “$backdir/rec1” ];then
echo “#####start 1 incremental backup at $BEGINTIME to directory rec1” >>$time_cost
$backupbin/innobackupex –defaults-file=$file_cnf –no-timestamp –user=$user_name –password=$password –slave-info –databases=”$db” –incremental –incremental-basedir=$backdir/rec0 $backdir/rec1 1> $out_log 2>&1
break;
elif [ ! -d “$backdir/rec2” ];then
echo “#####start 2 incremental backup at $BEGINTIME to directory rec2” >>$time_cost
$backupbin/innobackupex –defaults-file=$file_cnf –no-timestamp –user=$user_name –password=$password –slave-info –databases=”$db” –incremental –incremental-basedir=$backdir/rec1 $backdir/rec2 1> $out_log 2>&1
break;
elif [ ! -d “$backdir/rec3” ];then
echo “#####start 3 incremental backup at $BEGINTIME to directory rec3” >>$time_cost
$backupbin/innobackupex –defaults-file=$file_cnf –no-timestamp –user=$user_name –password=$password –slave-info –databases=”$db” –incremental –incremental-basedir=$backdir/rec2 $backdir/rec3 1> $out_log 2>&1
break;
elif [ ! -d “$backdir/rec4” ];then
echo “#####start 4 incremental backup at $BEGINTIME to directory rec4” >>$time_cost
$backupbin/innobackupex –defaults-file=$file_cnf –no-timestamp –user=$user_name –password=$password –slave-info –databases=”$db” –incremental –incremental-basedir=$backdir/rec3 $backdir/rec4 1> $out_log 2>&1
break;
elif [ ! -d “$backdir/rec5” ];then
echo “#####start 5 incremental backup at $BEGINTIME to directory rec5” >>$time_cost
$backupbin/innobackupex –defaults-file=$file_cnf –no-timestamp –user=$user_name –password=$password –slave-info –databases=”$db” –incremental –incremental-basedir=$backdir/rec4 $backdir/rec5 1> $out_log 2>&1
break;
fi
ENDTIME=`date +”%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S”`
begin_data=`date -d “$BEGINTIME” +%s`
end_data=`date -d “$ENDTIME” +%s`
spendtime=`expr $end_data – $begin_data`
echo “it takes $spendtime sec for packing the data directory” >>$time_cost
部署备份脚本；
# crontab -l
10 2 * * * /opt/cron/mysqldbbakup.sh
恢复：
#全备恢复：
innobackupex –apply-log –redo-only –defaults-file=$file_cnf –user=$user_name –password=$password $backdir/full
#增备恢复，修改增量备份目录，逐个apply-log，到第五天的增量rec4都是输出都显示innobackupex: completed OK!
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