本文对 javascript 和 python 的语法和基本编程结构进行了比较。它旨在强调这两种流行的编程语言在实现基本编程概念方面的相似之处。
虽然两种语言有许多共同点，使开发人员更容易在它们之间切换或理解对方的代码，但也应该注意明显的语法和操作差异。
重要的是要以轻松的角度进行这种比较，而不是过分强调 javascript 和 python 之间的相似或差异。目的不是要声明一种语言优于另一种语言，而是提供一种资源，可以帮助熟悉 python 的程序员更轻松地理解并过渡到 javascript。
你好世界
javascript
// in codeguppy.com environmentprintln('hello, world');// outside codeguppy.comconsole.log('hello, world');
python
print('hello, world')
变量和常量
javascript
let myvariable = 100;const myconstant = 3.14159;
python
myvariable = 100myconstant = 3.14159
字符串插值
javascript
let a = 100;let b = 200;println(`sum of ${a} and ${b} is ${a + b}`);
python
a = 100b = 200print(f'sum of {a} and {b} is {a + b}')
if 表达式/语句
javascript
let age = 18;if (age < 13) { println("child");} else if (age < 20) { println("teenager");} else { println("adult");}
python
age = 18if age < 13: print("child")elif age < 20: print("teenager")else: print("adult")
条件句
javascript
let age = 20;let message = age >= 18 ? "can vote" : "cannot vote";println(message); // output: can vote
python
age = 20message = "can vote" if age >= 18 else "cannot vote"print(message) # output: can vote
数组
javascript
// creating an arraylet myarray = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];// accessing elementsprintln(myarray[0]); // access the first element: 1println(myarray[3]); // access the fourth element: 4// modifying an elementmyarray[2] = 30; // change the third element from 3 to 30// adding a new elementmyarray.push(6); // add a new element to the end
python
# creating a list to represent an arraymy_array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]# accessing elementsprint(my_array[0]) # access the first element: 1print(my_array[3]) # access the fourth element: 4# modifying an elementmy_array[2] = 30 # change the third element from 3 to 30# adding a new elementmy_array.append(6) # add a new element to the end
对于每个
javascript
let fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"];for(let fruit of fruits) println(fruit);
python
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"]for fruit in fruits: print(fruit)
词典
javascript
// creating a dictionaryfruit_prices = { apple: 0.65, banana: 0.35, cherry: 0.85};// accessing a value by keyprintln(fruit_prices["apple"]); // output: 0.65
python
# creating a dictionaryfruit_prices = { "apple": 0.65, "banana": 0.35, "cherry": 0.85}# accessing a value by keyprint(fruit_prices["apple"]) # output: 0.65
功能
javascript
function addnumbers(a, b) { return a + b;}let result = addnumbers(100, 200);println("the sum is: ", result);
python
def add_numbers(a, b): return a + bresult = add_numbers(100, 200)print("the sum is: ", result)
元组返回
javascript
function getcircleproperties(radius) { const area = math.pi * radius ** 2; const circumference = 2 * math.pi * radius; return [area, circumference]; // return as an array}// using the functionconst [area, circumference] = getcircleproperties(5);println(`the area of the circle is: ${area}`);println(`the circumference of the circle is: ${circumference}`);
python
import mathdef getcircleproperties(radius): """calculate and return the area and circumference of a circle.""" area = math.pi * radius**2 circumference = 2 * math.pi * radius return (area, circumference)# using the functionradius = 5area, circumference = getcircleproperties(radius)print(f"the area of the circle is: {area}")print(f"the circumference of the circle is: {circumference}")
可变数量的参数
javascript
function sumnumbers(...args) { let sum = 0; for(let i of args) sum += i; return sum;}println(sumnumbers(1, 2, 3));println(sumnumbers(100, 200));
python
def sum_numbers(*args): sum = 0 for i in args: sum += i return sumprint(sum_numbers(1, 2, 3))print(sum_numbers(100, 200))
拉姆达斯
javascript
const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];// use map to apply a function to all elements of the arrayconst squarednumbers = numbers.map(x => x ** 2);println(squarednumbers); // output: [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
python
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]# use map to apply a function to all elements of the listsquared_numbers = map(lambda x: x**2, numbers)# convert map object to a list to print the resultssquared_numbers_list = list(squared_numbers)print(squared_numbers_list) # output: [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
课程
javascript
class book { constructor(title, author, pages) { this.title = title; this.author = author; this.pages = pages; } describebook() { println(`book title: ${this.title}`); println(`author: ${this.author}`); println(`number of pages: ${this.pages}`); }}
python
class book: def __init__(self, title, author, pages): self.title = title self.author = author self.pages = pages def describe_book(self): print(f"book title: {self.title}") print(f"author: {self.author}") print(f"number of pages: {self.pages}")
类的使用
javascript
// creating an instance of the book class// this is actually a real book (see curriculum section for more info)const mybook = new book("illustrated javascript", "adrian", 684);mybook.describebook();
python
# Creating an instance of the Book class# This is actually a real book (see Curriculum section for more info)my_book = Book("Illustrated JavaScript", "Adrian", 684)my_book.describe_book()
结论
我们鼓励您参与完善此比较。您的贡献，无论是更正、增强还是新增内容，都受到高度重视。通过合作，我们可以创建更准确、更全面的指南，让所有有兴趣学习 javascript 和 python 的开发人员受益。
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制作人员
本文转载自免费编码平台https://codeguppy.com平台的博客。
本文受到其他编程语言之间类似比较的影响：
kotlin 就像 c# https://ttu.github.io/kotlin-is-like-csharp/kotlin 就像 typescript https://gi-no.github.io/kotlin-is-like-typescript/swift 就像 kotlin https://nilhcem.com/swift-is-like-kotlin/swift 就像 go http://repo.tiye.me/jiyinyiyong/swift-is-like-go/swift 就像 scala https://leverich.github.io/swiftislikescala/
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