XPath的descendant-or-self轴包含自身吗？

descendant-or-self轴选取当前节点及其所有后代节点，如下使用descendant-or-self::*可选中自身及、、，而descendant轴不包含自身，self轴仅选自身，结合谓语可实现精准查询。

XPath的

descendant-or-self

轴，顾名思义，包含当前节点自身，以及该节点的所有后代节点。可以理解为“我以及我的所有子孙”。

解决方案：

descendant-or-self

轴在XPath表达式中非常实用，它允许你从一个节点开始，选取该节点及其所有后代节点。这在处理层级结构的XML或HTML文档时尤其有用。

如何更准确理解descendant-or-self轴？

简单来说，

descendant-or-self::node()

会选取当前节点以及当前节点下的所有节点，无论这些节点嵌套多少层。想象一棵树，

descendant-or-self

会选取树根（当前节点）以及树上的所有枝干和叶子（所有后代节点）。

举个例子，假设我们有以下XML片段：

      Everyday Italian    Giada De Laurentiis

如果当前节点是

，那么

descendant-or-self::*

将会选取

</pre>
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<p>, </p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>这四个节点。  </p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">*</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p> 是通配符，表示选取所有类型的节点。 如果我们使用 </p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">descendant-or-self::title</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>， 那么只会选取 </p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><title></pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p> 节点。</p>
<h3>descendant-or-self轴与其他轴的<span class="wpcom_tag_link"><a href="https://www.chuangxiangniao.com/p/tag/qubie" title="区别" target="_blank">区别</a></span>是什么？</h3>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">descendant-or-self</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p> 轴经常与 </p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">descendant</pre>
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</div>
<p> 轴混淆。</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">descendant</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p> 轴只选取当前节点的所有后代节点，不包括当前节点自身。 还是用上面的例子，如果当前节点是</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>，那么</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">descendant::*</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>将会选取</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre>
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</div>
<p>, </p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><title></pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>, </p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>这三个节点，而不会选取</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>自身。</p>
<p>另外，</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">self</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>轴只选取当前节点自身。 如果当前节点是</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>，那么</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">self::*</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>只会选取</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>。</p>
<p>理解这些轴之间的区别，对于编写精确的XPath表达式至关重要。</p>
<h3>在实际应用中，如何高效使用descendant-or-self轴？</h3>
<p>在实际应用中，</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">descendant-or-self</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>轴可以用来搜索特定类型的节点，或者查找具有特定属性的节点。 例如，假设我们想要选取所有包含</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">title</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>标签的节点（包括作为顶层节点和后代节点），可以使用以下XPath表达式：</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class='brush:xpath;toolbar:false;'>//descendant-or-self::title</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>这个表达式会选取文档中所有名为</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">title</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>的节点。</p>
<p>另一个例子，假设我们想选取所有具有</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">lang</pre>
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</div>
<p>属性的节点，可以使用以下XPath表达式：</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class='brush:xpath;toolbar:false;'>//descendant-or-self::*[@lang]</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>这个表达式会选取文档中所有具有</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">lang</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>属性的节点，无论它们是什么类型。  </p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">[@lang]</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p> 是一个<span class="wpcom_tag_link"><a href="https://www.chuangxiangniao.com/p/tag/shuxingxuanzeqi" title="属性选择器" target="_blank">属性选择器</a></span>，表示选取具有</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">lang</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>属性的节点。</p>
<p>此外， 结合</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">descendant-or-self</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>和谓语（p<span class="wpcom_tag_link"><a href="https://www.chuangxiangniao.com/p/tag/red" title="red" target="_blank">red</a></span>icate）可以实现更复杂的查询。 谓语是放在方括号 </p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">[]</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p> 中的条件表达式，用于过滤节点。 例如， 选取所有</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">bookstore</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>及其后代中</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">author</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>节点文本内容为 “Giada De Laurent<span class="wpcom_tag_link"><a href="https://www.chuangxiangniao.com/p/tag/iis" title="iis" target="_blank">iis</a></span>” 的节点：</p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class='brush:xpath;toolbar:false;'>//bookstore/descendant-or-self::author[text()='Giada De Laurentiis']</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p>总而言之， 掌握 </p>
<div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px">
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">descendant-or-self</pre>
<div class="contentsignin"></div>
</div>
<p> 轴及其与其他轴的区别， 能够帮助你更有效地使用 XPath 查询 XML 或 HTML 文档中的数据。</p>
<p>以上就是XPath的descendant-or-self轴包含自身吗？的详细内容，更多请关注创想鸟其它相关文章！</p>
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                                    <span class="item-meta-li date">2026年9月24日</span>
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