使用javascript数学渲染库是目前在html中显示数学公式的最推荐方案,因为它具备良好的跨浏览器兼容性和强大的功能支持;具体实现时可选择mathjax或katex,其中mathjax功能全面、支持复杂公式和可访问性,适合学术类网站,通过引入cdn链接并使用latex语法(如$e=mc^2$或$$…$$)即可渲染行内或独立公式,而katex则以轻量和高速著称,适合对性能要求较高的场景,两者均需在html中引入相应js和css文件后,用特定符号包裹公式内容,由库自动解析并展示,因此使用javascript库能有效确保数学公式在网页上的准确与美观呈现。

在HTML中显示数学公式,通常我们有几个主流选择:要么依赖像MathJax或KaTeX这样的JavaScript库来解析LaTeX风格的数学表达式并将其渲染出来,要么直接嵌入MathML(数学标记语言)。对于大多数现代网页,JavaScript库因其出色的跨浏览器兼容性和强大的功能集,往往是更稳妥、更受欢迎的方案。而MathML,虽然是W3C的标准,旨在提供原生的语义化数学内容,但其在不同浏览器间的支持情况曾一度不尽如人意,即便现在有所改善,也常需配合库来确保一致性。
解决方案
要让数学公式在网页上活起来,我个人觉得,最省心也最强大的方案,目前来看还是使用JavaScript渲染库。这就像你想要在网页上播放视频,你可以选择直接用HTML5的
标签,但为了兼容性和更高级的功能,你往往会引入一个视频播放器库。
1. 使用JavaScript数学渲染库(推荐方案)
立即学习“前端免费学习笔记(深入)”;
这是目前最主流也最可靠的方法。这些库通常会解析你在HTML中用特定语法(最常见的是LaTeX)编写的数学公式,然后将其转换为浏览器能够良好显示的格式,比如MathJax可以渲染成MathML、SVG或HTML-CSS,而KaTeX则主要渲染成HTML-CSS。
MathJax:这是一个非常成熟且功能丰富的库。它几乎支持所有LaTeX的数学语法,并且在可访问性方面做得很好。
如何使用:你需要在HTML的
部分引入MathJax的CDN链接。
编写公式:然后,你就可以在你的HTML内容中直接用LaTeX语法写公式了。MathJax会扫描页面,找到这些公式并进行渲染。行内公式(inline):用
$
或
( ... )
包裹,例如:
$E=mc^2$
或
(ax^2 + bx + c = 0)
。独立公式(display):用
$$
或
[ ... ]
包裹,例如:
$$ int_0^infty e^{-x^2} dx = frac{sqrt{pi}}{2} $$
或者
[ sum_{n=1}^infty frac{1}{n^2} = frac{pi^2}{6} ]
我的看法:MathJax功能确实强大,对复杂公式和各种符号的支持无懈可击,但相对来说,它的文件体积稍大,首次加载可能会有一点点延迟。不过对于学术或技术内容网站,这点牺牲完全值得。
KaTeX:如果你追求极致的渲染速度和轻量级,KaTeX是个不错的选择。它由Khan Academy开发,渲染速度非常快,因为它不需要额外的字体文件,并且是同步渲染。
如何使用:同样,在
中引入CSS和JS文件。
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.16.10/dist/katex.min.css" integrity="sha384-wcQh9G7k9U0X8P2KjV0k1P2Q2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R
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