HTML文档基本结构包括、、和。其中，定义元数据如标题、字符集（UTF-8）以避免乱码，标签用于设置keywords、description、viewport等信息，引入CSS，加载JavaScript，包含页面主体内容。
HTML文档的基本结构主要包括
、
和
这三个核心标签。
是根元素，包裹整个HTML文档；
包含文档的元数据，如标题、字符集等；
则包含用户在浏览器中看到的所有内容。
解决方案HTML文档的基本结构就像一栋房子的地基和框架。
声明文档类型，告诉浏览器使用哪个HTML版本来解析文档。然后，
标签是整个文档的根元素，所有其他标签都嵌套在它里面。
标签则像是房子的设计图和装修。它包含文档的元数据，这些信息不会直接显示在页面上，但对浏览器、搜索引擎和其他服务至关重要。例如：
</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>：定义浏览器选项卡或窗口标题，也是搜索引擎结果中显示的标题。</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>：提供关于HTML文档的元数据，如字符集（</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">charset</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>）、关键词（</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">keywords</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>）、描述（</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">description</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>）等。字符集通常设置为</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">UTF-8</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>，以支持各种字符。</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>：链接外部资源，如CSS样式表（</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">rel="stylesheet"</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>）和网站图标（</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">rel="icon"</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>）。</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>：直接在HTML文档中嵌入CSS样式，但不推荐大量使用，最好放在外部样式表中。</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>：嵌入或链接JavaScript代码，用于实现页面的动态效果和交互功能。</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>标签是房子的主体，包含了用户在浏览器中看到的所有内容，如文本、图像、链接、表单等。这是HTML文档中最主要的部分，也是开发者花费最多时间编写的部分。</p> <h3>HTML文档的字符集声明<span class="wpcom_tag_link"><a href="https://www.chuangxiangniao.com/p/tag/weishenme" title="为什么" target="_blank">为什么</a></span>这么重要？</h3> <p>字符集声明，通常通过</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>来实现，它告诉浏览器使用哪种字符编码来解析HTML文档。如果字符集声明不正确或缺失，浏览器可能会使用错误的编码，导致页面显示乱码。</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">UTF-8</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>是一种通用的字符编码，支持世界上几乎所有的字符，因此通常被推荐使用。</p> <p>立即学习“前端免费学习笔记（深入）”；</p> <p>想象一下，如果你用中文写了一封信，但收信人却用英文的编码来阅读，那么信的内容就会变成一堆乱码。字符集声明的作用就是确保浏览器使用正确的“语言”来理解HTML文档的内容，从而避免乱码问题。</p> <h3> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>中的</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>标签有哪些常见的属性和用途？</h3><div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre><div class="contentsignin"></div></div><p>标签有很多属性，其中最常见的包括：</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">charset</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>：指定文档的字符集，如</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">UTF-8</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>。</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">name</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>：指定元数据的类型，常见的有</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">keywords</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>、</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">description</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>、</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">author</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>、</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">viewport</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>等。</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">content</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>：指定元数据的值，与</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">name</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>属性配合使用。</p> <p>例如：</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>：指定页面的关键词，有助于<span class="wpcom_tag_link"><a href="https://www.chuangxiangniao.com/p/tag/sousuoyinqingyouhua" title="搜索引擎优化" target="_blank">搜索引擎优化</a></span>（SEO）。</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>：指定页面的描述，显示在搜索引擎结果中，吸引用户点击。</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>：指定页面的作者。</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>：配置移动设备的视口，确保页面在不同设备上正确显示。</p> <p>关于</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">viewport</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>，尤其需要注意。它控制着页面在移动设备上的缩放和显示方式。</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">width=device-width</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>告诉浏览器使用设备的宽度作为页面的宽度，</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">initial-scale=1.0</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>设置初始缩放比例为1.0。如果没有正确配置</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">viewport</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>，页面在移动设备上可能会显示得过小或过大，影响用户体验。</p> <h3>如何在HTML文档中引入外部CSS样式表和JavaScript文件？</h3> <p>引入外部CSS样式表，可以使用</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>标签，并将</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">rel</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>属性设置为</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">stylesheet</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>，</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">href</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>属性设置为CSS文件的路径。例如：</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class='brush:html;toolbar:false;'></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>引入外部JavaScript文件，可以使用</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>标签，并将</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">src</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>属性设置为JavaScript文件的路径。例如：</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class='brush:html;toolbar:false;'></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>标签通常放在</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>标签中，因为CSS样式应该在页面加载之前加载完成，以避免页面闪烁或样式错乱。</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>标签可以放在</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>标签中或</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>标签的底部。放在</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>底部可以确保在HTML内容加载完成后再执行JavaScript代码，避免JavaScript代码阻塞页面渲染。但如果JavaScript代码需要在页面加载之前执行，或者使用了</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">async</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>或</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">defer</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>属性，则可以放在</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"></pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>标签中。</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">async</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>属性表示<span class="wpcom_tag_link"><a href="https://www.chuangxiangniao.com/p/tag/yibujiazai" title="异步加载" target="_blank">异步加载</a></span>JavaScript文件，不会阻塞页面渲染。</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">defer</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>属性表示<span class="wpcom_tag_link"><a href="https://www.chuangxiangniao.com/p/tag/yanchijiazai" title="延迟加载" target="_blank">延迟加载</a></span>JavaScript文件，在HTML解析完成后执行。使用</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">async</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>或</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative;padding:0px;margin:0px"> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">defer</pre> <div class="contentsignin"></div> </div> <p>属性可以提高页面加载速度，但需要注意JavaScript代码的执行顺序。</p> <p>以上就是HTML文档的基本结构包含哪些主要标签的详细内容，更多请关注创想鸟其它相关文章！</p> <div class="entry-readmore"><div 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src='//cdn.chuangxiangniao.com/www/2025/10/2025102208472691.jpg' class='avatar avatar-60 photo' height='60' width='60' /> <span>程序猿</span> </a> </div> <span class="item-meta-li date">2025年12月22日</span> <div class="item-meta-right"> <span class="item-meta-li views" title="阅读数"><i class="wpcom-icon wi"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#wi-eye"></use></svg></i>0</span><a class="item-meta-li comments" href="https://www.chuangxiangniao.com/p/1573948.html#comments" target="_blank" title="评论数"><i class="wpcom-icon wi"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#wi-comment"></use></svg></i>0</a><span class="item-meta-li stars" title="收藏数"><i class="wpcom-icon wi"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#wi-star"></use></svg></i>0</span><span class="item-meta-li likes" title="点赞数"><i class="wpcom-icon wi"><svg aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#wi-thumb-up"></use></svg></i>0</span> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="item item2"> <div class="item-img"> <a class="item-img-inner" 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