手把手教你用PyInstaller打包Python程序

本文介绍使用PyInstaller打包Python项目的方法，以OCR截屏识别助手为例。先讲PyInstaller简介、环境准备和主要命令参数，再通过示例演示打包流程，包括处理多文件、UI资源、精简依赖和调整import路径，还提及Windows环境打包及效果。

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序言

该项目的灵感来自一个现实的需求，现在有时候会遇到一些文档不能复制，但又不想装非常笨重、可能带广告、收费的文字处理软件，怎么办呢？

首先，要再次感谢7hinc童鞋——不好意思，又抢生意来了        

他的项目超好用的OCR截屏识别助手只用了3个Python文件和一个前端UI文件，就提供了比较完整的截图OCR识别功能。

但这个项目是基于Python的，并且依赖于非常强大的PaddleHub模型库和PaddleOCR项目——换言之，它依赖包很多。

如果我们想在另一台机器上运行，或者分享给不了解这方面技术的同事该怎么办呢？总不能再装一遍环境吧？        

由此，就引发了这个项目：如何将Python打包？当然，这里必须要提前说明——

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本文没有教如何打包Paddle各类库，包括PaddleOCR——为什么？

首先，用百度智能云开发者中心的免费API调用次数不香吗        

其次，本文会做个简单解释，告诉大家——实在太难了，此路真不通        

PyInstaller简介

没错，我们需要用到的打包工具就是PyInstaller，这是它的最新文档。看看它官网自己咋说的——

PyInstaller bundles a Python application and all its dependencies into a single package. The user can run the packaged app without installing a Python interpreter or any modules. PyInstaller supports Python > > 3.5 or newer, and correctly bundles the major Python packages such as numpy, PyQt, Django, wxPython, and others.

PyInstaller is tested against Windows, Mac OS X, and GNU/Linux. However, it is not a cross-compiler: to make a Windows app you run PyInstaller in Windows; to make a GNU/Linux app you run it in GNU/Linux, etc. > PyInstaller has been used successfully with AIX, Solaris, FreeBSD and OpenBSD but testing against them is not part of our continuous integration tests.

PyInstaller支持在Windows, Mac OS X, and GNU/Linux三个主流平台打包，Python版本要3.5以上，环境依赖库要安装正确。在不同的平台上使用 PyInstaller 工具的方法是一样的，它们支持的选项也是一样的。

同时，我们也会发现PyInstaller的打包依赖于它所在的操作系统，也就是说，我们在Linux平台打的包，就只适合在Linux环境中运行，Windows上启动不起来的。

环境准备

如何用PyInstaller呢？其实安装很简单，使用也很简单，但是——对环境要求比较高，如果在本机上没装好C++库，经常没有报错——缺这个DLL,缺那个DLL……

所以这里建议大家，如果要在本地的Windows系统上打包，最好不要偷懒，也不要心疼存储空间和那点时间，老老实实把Visual Studio 2019装起来吧——社区版就行了，它会自动把各种DLL依赖都准备好，通常在开发过程中就很少遇到类似报错了。

主要命令参数

具体用法可以参考PyInstaller的用户手册

生成结果¶

-D, –onedir默认会生成一个文件夹-F, –onefile指定生成一个单独的可执行文件–specpath DIR指定spec文件的生成目录。默认使用当前目录来生成spec文件-n NAME, –name NAME
指定项目（产生的 spec）名字。如果省略该选项，那么第一个脚本的主文件名将作为 spec 的名字

打包什么，从哪里找依赖¶

–add-data   Additional non-binary files or folders to be added to the executable. The path separator is platform specific, os.pathsep (which is ; on Windows and : on most unix systems) is used. This option can be used multiple times.非二进制文件通过设置这个参数打包

–hidden-import MODULENAME, –hiddenimport MODULENAME  Name an import not visible in the code of the script(s). This option can be used multiple times.显式指定要import的依赖

从Demo开始

从学习的曲线来看，遇到新事物的时候还是建议循序渐进，比如找一个简单的Demo开始运行。所以这里提供了两个基础示例。

img2pdf.py可以将指定目录下的图片文件合成一个pdf文件editor.py文件可以创建一个最简单的pyqt5窗口——这与我们的目标就很接近了

PyInstaller打包单文件

因为pyqt的GUI窗口在AI Studio上看不到，所以我们就先用img2pdf.py演示打包的流程和效果

In [ ]

# 首先，要确认python代码正确!python img2pdf.py

hec ['01.jpg', '02.jpg']输出文件名称： 3D2.pdf

       In [ ]

# 安装pyinstaller!pip install pyinstaller

Looking in indexes: https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/simple/Collecting pyinstaller  Downloading https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/packages/9e/ed/fbdad7f5d8f794c901076b814b8e9f5ce31d32c0bc3b63ddd27b61db9530/pyinstaller-4.1.tar.gz (3.5MB)     |████████████████████████████████| 3.5MB 10.7MB/s eta 0:00:01  Installing build dependencies ... done  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done    Preparing wheel metadata ... doneCollecting pyinstaller-hooks-contrib>=2020.6 (from pyinstaller)  Downloading https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/packages/a4/11/90ac24147907d9b7302983ec66ae46b045b47212906101cc82d9204c798d/pyinstaller_hooks_contrib-2020.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl (172kB)     |████████████████████████████████| 174kB 26.8MB/s eta 0:00:01Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from pyinstaller) (41.4.0)Collecting altgraph (from pyinstaller)  Downloading https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/packages/ee/3d/bfca21174b162f6ce674953f1b7a640c1498357fa6184776029557c25399/altgraph-0.17-py2.py3-none-any.whlBuilding wheels for collected packages: pyinstaller  Building wheel for pyinstaller (PEP 517) ... done  Created wheel for pyinstaller: filename=pyinstaller-4.1-cp37-none-any.whl size=2790249 sha256=05cdd9cb8a71582013c50d28e248972bc8f80e6a03e802723f57994d6c0e8a6d  Stored in directory: /home/aistudio/.cache/pip/wheels/fe/90/a2/7dc78a5ca953100aad6b663aae16db9962df27264f2d4ebb87Successfully built pyinstallerInstalling collected packages: pyinstaller-hooks-contrib, altgraph, pyinstallerSuccessfully installed altgraph-0.17 pyinstaller-4.1 pyinstaller-hooks-contrib-2020.11

       In [ ]

# 打包!pyinstaller -F img2pdf.py

31 INFO: PyInstaller: 4.131 INFO: Python: 3.7.4 (conda)32 INFO: Platform: Linux-4.4.0-166-generic-x86_64-with-debian-stretch-sid32 INFO: wrote /home/aistudio/img2pdf.spec34 INFO: UPX is not available.35 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths['/home/aistudio', '/home/aistudio']45 INFO: checking Analysis45 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent45 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...47 INFO: Caching module graph hooks...52 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...2593 INFO: Caching module dependency graph...2657 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc2671 INFO: Analyzing /home/aistudio/img2pdf.py3330 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook distutils from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/pre_find_module_path/hook-distutils.py'.3331 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7'4320 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook setuptools.extern.six.moves from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/pre_safe_import_module/hook-setuptools.extern.six.moves.py'.4664 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook site from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/pre_find_module_path/hook-site.py'.4664 INFO: site: retargeting to fake-dir '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/fake-modules'7977 INFO: Processing module hooks...7977 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pycparser.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib/hooks/stdhooks'...7978 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-difflib.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...7979 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module difflib7979 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-heapq.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...7981 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module heapq7981 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-numpy.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...7981 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-setuptools.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...8428 INFO: Excluding import of setuptools.py33compat from module setuptools.depends8428 INFO: Excluding import of setuptools.py33compat from module setuptools.package_index8430 INFO: Excluding import of setuptools.py27compat from module setuptools.command.easy_install8430 INFO: Excluding import of setuptools.py27compat from module setuptools.package_index8430 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pkg_resources.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...8761 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook win32com from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib/hooks/pre_safe_import_module/hook-win32com.py'.8802 WARNING: Hidden import "pkg_resources.py2_warn" not found!8802 WARNING: Hidden import "pkg_resources.markers" not found!8804 INFO: Excluding import of __main__ from module pkg_resources8805 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-sysconfig.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...8811 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-distutils.util.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...8812 INFO: Excluding import of lib2to3.refactor from module distutils.util8813 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-lib2to3.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...8834 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-numpy._pytesttester.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...8836 INFO: Excluding import of pytest from module numpy._pytesttester8836 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-encodings.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...8879 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...8955 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-scipy.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...8955 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-multiprocessing.util.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...8956 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'test'8957 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-distutils.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...8957 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-numpy.core.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...9004 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PIL.Image.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...9353 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PIL.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...9356 INFO: Excluding import of tkinter from module PIL.ImageTk9356 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk'9357 INFO: Excluding import of PyQt5 from module PIL.ImageQt9358 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.etree.cElementTree.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...9358 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pickle.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...9360 INFO: Excluding import of argparse from module pickle9360 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PIL.ImageFilter.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...9361 INFO: Excluding import of numpy from module PIL.ImageFilter9362 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-setuptools.msvc.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...9363 INFO: Excluding import of numpy from module setuptools.msvc9363 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-_tkinter.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...9441 INFO: checking Tree9442 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-00.toc is non existent9442 INFO: Building Tree Tree-00.toc9448 INFO: checking Tree9448 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-01.toc is non existent9448 INFO: Building Tree Tree-01.toc9488 INFO: checking Tree9488 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-02.toc is non existent9488 INFO: Building Tree Tree-02.toc9491 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PIL.SpiderImagePlugin.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...9494 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk'9509 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs9576 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...9582 INFO: Including run-time hook '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/rthooks/pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py'9585 INFO: Including run-time hook '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/rthooks/pyi_rth_pkgres.py'9591 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries10343 INFO: Looking for eggs10343 INFO: Python library not in binary dependencies. Doing additional searching...10355 INFO: Using Python library /opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/libpython3.7m.so.1.010363 INFO: Warnings written to /home/aistudio/build/img2pdf/warn-img2pdf.txt10397 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to /home/aistudio/build/img2pdf/xref-img2pdf.html10412 INFO: checking PYZ10412 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent10412 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /home/aistudio/build/img2pdf/PYZ-00.pyz11198 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /home/aistudio/build/img2pdf/PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.11206 INFO: checking PKG11206 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent11206 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg25664 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully.25666 INFO: Bootloader /opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/bootloader/Linux-64bit/run25666 INFO: checking EXE25666 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent25666 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc25667 INFO: Appending archive to ELF section in EXE /home/aistudio/dist/img2pdf25697 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.

注意打包前后的变化：

打包出来的文件就在dist目录下

In [ ]

# 测试打包结果，注意，由于python代码原因，pdf文件存到了dist目录下!cd dist && ./img2pdf

hec ['01.jpg', '02.jpg']输出文件名称： 3D2.pdf

安装PYQT5依赖并打包

editor.py是一个简单的基于PYQT5实现的示例，尝试在Linux/Windows环境对其打包。

In [ ]

# 注意，pyqt5版本过高会报错，这里选了个不会报错的版本!pip install pyqt5==5.12.0

Looking in indexes: https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/simple/Collecting pyqt5==5.12.0  Downloading https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/packages/01/8c/eeff014306fcdbb8afda0fe603d1b458dddf2be0ca10d561b0015e439357/PyQt5-5.12-5.12.1_a-cp35.cp36.cp37.cp38-abi3-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (61.1MB)     |████████████████████████████████| 61.1MB 8.5MB/s eta 0:00:01Collecting PyQt5_sip=4.19.14 (from pyqt5==5.12.0)  Downloading https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/packages/bf/63/d363b567237375235d270049fd6416c83949f470bb51539458966cd7a38c/PyQt5_sip-4.19.19-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (67kB)     |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 13.5MB/s eta 0:00:01Installing collected packages: PyQt5-sip, pyqt5Successfully installed PyQt5-sip-4.19.19 pyqt5-5.12

       In [ ]

!pyinstaller -F editor.py --hidden-import pyqt5

31 INFO: PyInstaller: 4.131 INFO: Python: 3.7.4 (conda)31 INFO: Platform: Linux-4.4.0-166-generic-x86_64-with-debian-stretch-sid31 INFO: wrote /home/aistudio/editor.spec33 INFO: UPX is not available.34 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths['/home/aistudio', '/home/aistudio']44 INFO: checking Analysis44 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent44 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...46 INFO: Caching module graph hooks...51 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...2576 INFO: Caching module dependency graph...2641 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc2655 INFO: Analyzing /home/aistudio/editor.py2684 INFO: Analyzing hidden import 'pyqt5'2685 ERROR: Hidden import 'pyqt5' not found2685 INFO: Processing module hooks...2685 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.QtCore.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...2759 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-difflib.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...2760 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module difflib2761 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-heapq.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...2761 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module heapq2761 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...2772 WARNING: Hidden import "sip" not found!2773 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.QtWidgets.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...2859 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.QtGui.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...2906 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-encodings.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...2945 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...3143 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pickle.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'...3144 INFO: Excluding import of argparse from module pickle3151 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs3151 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...3153 INFO: Including run-time hook '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/rthooks/pyi_rth_pyqt5.py'3156 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries4859 INFO: Looking for eggs4859 INFO: Python library not in binary dependencies. Doing additional searching...4869 INFO: Using Python library /opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/libpython3.7m.so.1.04872 INFO: Warnings written to /home/aistudio/build/editor/warn-editor.txt4887 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to /home/aistudio/build/editor/xref-editor.html4894 INFO: checking PYZ4894 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent4894 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /home/aistudio/build/editor/PYZ-00.pyz5283 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /home/aistudio/build/editor/PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.5286 INFO: checking PKG5286 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent5286 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg64713 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully.64717 INFO: Bootloader /opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/bootloader/Linux-64bit/run64717 INFO: checking EXE64717 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent64717 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc64718 INFO: Appending archive to ELF section in EXE /home/aistudio/dist/editor64865 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.

在Windows上打包也是相同的操作，最终效果如下，双击打开可执行文件，就能出现GUI界面了

这里给出打包过程日志供参考

(python37) F:labelImg>pyinstaller -F editor.py --hidden-import pyqt5178 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.6178 INFO: Python: 3.7.7 (conda)180 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0182 INFO: wrote F:labelImgeditor.spec184 INFO: UPX is not available.200 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths['F:', 'F:labelImg']208 INFO: checking Analysis209 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent209 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...215 INFO: Caching module graph hooks...232 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...2196 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook   distutils2199 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir 'C:Usersuseranaconda3envspython37lib'3772 INFO: Caching module dependency graph...3882 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc3900 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable  required by C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37python.exe4426 INFO: Analyzing F:labelImgeditor.py4482 INFO: Analyzing hidden import 'pyqt5'4483 ERROR: Hidden import 'pyqt5' not found4483 INFO: Processing module hooks...4483 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-distutils.py"...4486 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...4567 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"...4569 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.py"...4800 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtCore.py"...4932 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtGui.py"...5143 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtWidgets.py"...5429 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sysconfig.py"...5432 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"...5695 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs5696 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...5698 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_pyqt5.py'5709 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries6959 INFO: Looking for eggs6959 INFO: Using Python library C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37python37.dll6960 INFO: Found binding redirects:[]6977 INFO: Warnings written to F:labelImguildeditorwarn-editor.txt7014 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to F:labelImguildeditorxref-editor.html7043 INFO: checking PYZ7044 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent7044 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) F:labelImguildeditorPYZ-00.pyz7410 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) F:labelImguildeditorPYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.7422 INFO: checking PKG7422 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent7422 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg18126 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully.18133 INFO: Bootloader C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37libsite-packagesPyInstallerootloaderWindows-64bitun.exe18133 INFO: checking EXE18133 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent18133 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc18134 INFO: Appending archive to EXE F:labelImgdisteditor.exe18240 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.

OCR截图项目的打包

OCR截图小工具的打包，涉及到4个小知识点，分别是：

– 多文件处理 —— 其实就是在命令行里把3个python文件都写进去

– UI资源文件处理 —— 使用–add-data设置

– 精简依赖处理 —— 尽量不要直接import，能from……import……就这么写；强烈不建议直接打包飞桨套件，改为API调用

– import路径调整的处理 —— 为什么打包后会闪退？原来前面的操作会导致打包后inference目录下的两个文件跑到当前目录来了

因此，最终打包命令就是：

pyinstaller -F --add-data="interface/interface.ui;." main.py screen_rec.py interface/interface.py

   In [ ]

# 解压查看截图识别助手源代码!unzip data/data57331/ScreenRec.zip -d ./work/

Archive:  data/data57331/ScreenRec.zip   creating: ./work/ScreenRec/  inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/README.md    inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/Shapely-1.7.1-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl     creating: ./work/ScreenRec/interface/  inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/interface/interface.py    inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/interface/interface.ui    inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/main.py    inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/requirements.txt    inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/screen_rec.py

       In [ ]

# 尝试直接打包，注意，在linux中--add-data的写法!cd work/ScreenRec && pyinstaller -F --add-data="interface/interface.ui:." main.py screen_rec.py interface/interface.py

我们会发现，执行时间会非常长，因为源代码中有一句import paddlehub as hub，等于需要把paddlehub，paddlepaddle，paddlepaddle的依赖统统打包…… 那么，有没有快一点的办法？当然有，其实源代码中也给出了解决方案，就是screen_rec.py这里：

    # 使用PPOCR识别截图，返回识别结果    def imrec(self, img):        # 判断 识别方式        if self._way == "0":            ocr = hub.Module(name="chinese_ocr_db_crnn_mobile")            result = ocr.recognize_text(images=[img])            res = str()            for data in result[0]["data"]:                res += data["text"]                # 判断 是否需要保留样式                if self._keepStyle:                    res += ""        elif self._way == "1" or "2":            result = self.baiduAPI(img)            res = str()            for words in result["words_result"]:                res += words["words"]                if self._keepStyle:                    res += ""        return res

也就是说，我们可以选择用百度API进行识别，比如到通用场景文字识别申请一个API_Key和Secret_Key,替换掉源代码中的内容（源代码的KEY已经不能用了），然后注释掉import paddlehub as hub，删除本地模式等。

每天500次免费调用量，还是够用的吧如果懒得改太多代码，该文件只需要改前几行即可：

# 打包导致路径变化，需修改# from interface.interface import Ui_MainWindowfrom interface import Ui_MainWindowfrom PIL import Image, ImageGrabimport cv2import numpy as npfrom PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow# 注释掉# import paddlehub as hub import requestsimport base64import pyperclipfrom datetime import datetimeclass run(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):    def __init__(self):        super().__init__()        self.setupUi(self)        self._keepStyle = False        self._toClipboard = True        self._way = "1"  # 默认走API预测        self.API_Key = "lvM38ECpObMh25YY2qd7vc7R" # 请换成读者自己的KEY        self.Secret_Key = "qQG1Do5I8fZivvCiFCchXnQFI8aNGymd"  # 请换成读者自己的KEY

同样的main.py因为打包路径的问题，也要做一些修改，将from interface import interface改为import interface

In [7]

!cd work/ScreenRec && pyinstaller -F --add-data="interface/interface.ui:." main.py screen_rec.py interface/interface.py

Windows环境打包

打包后运行时查看日志：通过命令行运行可执行程序，可以debug用

打包成功效果展示

打包过程日志——日志告诉我们，WARNING不会影响打包结果，这些lib找不到没关系

(python37) F:ScreenRec>pyinstaller -F --add-data="interface/interface.ui;." main.py screen_rec.py interface/interface.py73 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.674 INFO: Python: 3.7.7 (conda)74 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP077 INFO: wrote F:ScreenRecmain.spec79 INFO: UPX is not available.80 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths['F:ScreenRec', 'F:ScreenRec', 'F:ScreenRecinterface', 'F:ScreenRec']81 INFO: checking Analysis81 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent81 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...85 INFO: Caching module graph hooks...91 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...1772 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook   distutils1773 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir 'C:Usersuseranaconda3envspython37lib'3015 INFO: Caching module dependency graph...3131 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc3150 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable  required by C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37python.exe3444 INFO: Analyzing F:ScreenRecmain.py5367 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   setuptools.extern.six.moves5857 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook   site5858 INFO: site: retargeting to fake-dir 'C:Usersuseranaconda3envspython37libsite-packagesPyInstallerfake-modules'9944 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   urllib3.packages.six.moves11342 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   six.moves12213 INFO: Analyzing F:ScreenRecscreen_rec.py12217 INFO: Analyzing F:ScreenRecinterfaceinterface.py12221 INFO: Processing module hooks...12222 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-certifi.py"...12224 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-cryptography.py"...12481 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-cv2.py"...12482 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-distutils.py"...12483 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...12563 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-lib2to3.py"...12567 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.core.py"...12674 INFO: MKL libraries found when importing numpy. Adding MKL to binaries12678 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.py"...12679 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.Image.py"...13145 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.py"...13147 INFO: Excluding import 'PyQt4'13149 INFO: Excluding import 'tkinter'13151 INFO:   Removing import of tkinter from module PIL.ImageTk13152 INFO: Excluding import 'PyQt5'13153 INFO:   Removing import of PyQt5.QtGui from module PIL.ImageQt13157 INFO:   Removing import of PyQt5.QtCore from module PIL.ImageQt13158 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'PySide'13158 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk'13158 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.SpiderImagePlugin.py"...13160 INFO: Excluding import 'tkinter'13161 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk'13162 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pkg_resources.py"...13641 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   win32com13903 INFO: Excluding import '__main__'13905 INFO:   Removing import of __main__ from module pkg_resources13906 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pycparser.py"...13909 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"...13910 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.py"...14051 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtCore.py"...14139 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtGui.py"...14351 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtWidgets.py"...14630 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pythoncom.py"...15042 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pywintypes.py"...15451 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-scipy.py"...15454 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-setuptools.py"...16103 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sysconfig.py"...16105 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-win32com.py"...16629 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"...16709 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-_tkinter.py"...16881 INFO: checking Tree16881 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-00.toc is non existent16881 INFO: Building Tree Tree-00.toc16956 INFO: checking Tree16957 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-01.toc is non existent16957 INFO: Building Tree Tree-01.toc17013 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs17051 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...17057 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_pyqt5.py'17059 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_certifi.py'17060 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_pkgres.py'17062 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_win32comgenpy.py'17064 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py'17079 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries17392 WARNING: lib not found: pgc14.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_pgi_thread.dll17394 WARNING: lib not found: pgf90.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_pgi_thread.dll17395 WARNING: lib not found: pgf90rtl.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_pgi_thread.dll17412 WARNING: lib not found: impi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_intelmpi_ilp64.dll17467 WARNING: lib not found: msmpi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_msmpi_ilp64.dll17583 WARNING: lib not found: mpich2mpi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_mpich2_ilp64.dll17637 WARNING: lib not found: mpich2mpi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_mpich2_lp64.dll17685 WARNING: lib not found: msmpi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_msmpi_lp64.dll17929 WARNING: lib not found: impi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_intelmpi_lp64.dll19020 INFO: Looking for eggs19021 INFO: Using Python library C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37python37.dll19021 INFO: Found binding redirects:[]19033 INFO: Warnings written to F:ScreenRecuildmainwarn-main.txt19146 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to F:ScreenRecuildmainxref-main.html19187 INFO: Appending 'datas' from .spec19190 INFO: checking PYZ19192 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent19192 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) F:ScreenRecuildmainPYZ-00.pyz20632 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) F:ScreenRecuildmainPYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.20664 INFO: checking PKG20665 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent20665 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg95134 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully.95144 INFO: Bootloader C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37libsite-packagesPyInstallerootloaderWindows-64bitun.exe95145 INFO: checking EXE95145 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent95145 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc95146 INFO: Appending archive to EXE F:ScreenRecdistmain.exe96407 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.

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