模板是行为设计模式之一，抽象类定义了一组执行其方法的方式/模板。
它的子类可以重写/实现这些方法，但调用方式与抽象类定义的方式相同
让我们通过一个例子来理解这一点：
关键概念
模板：定义算法的结构/方式/模板的抽象类
具体实现：模板的具体实现
客户端：将使用此模板的客户端
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public abstract class gametemplate{ //these below methods can be overridden based on the type of game public abstract void initialize(); public abstract void startplay(); public abstract void endplay(); //all the subclasses must use this same method to play the game i.e. following the same template present in this method, //hence it is declared as final. public final void play(){ initialize(); startplay(); endplay(); }}public class cricket extends gametemplate{ @override public void initialize(){ system.out.println("cricket has been initialized"); } @override public void startplay(){ system.out.println("cricket game has been started"); } @override public void endplay(){ system.out.println("cricket game has ended"); }}public class football extends gametemplate{ @override public void initialize(){ system.out.println("football has been initialized"); } @override public void startplay(){ system.out.println("football game has been started"); } @override public void endplay(){ system.out.println("football game has ended"); }}public class main{ public static void main(string args[]){ //create a football game object gametemplate football = new football(); football.play();// play() will strictly follow the sequence of method execution defined in the final play() method gametemplate cricket = new cricket(); cricket.play(); }}
输出：
Football has been initializedFootball game has been startedFootball game has endedCricket has been initializedCricket game has been startedCricket game has ended
注意：代码遵循lsp、isp、srp、ocp等所有设计原则
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