MySQL多实例的配置和管理详细

mysql的多实例有两种方式可以实现，两种方式各有利弊。

第一种是使用多个配置文件启动不同的进程来实现多实例，这种方式的优势逻辑简单，配置简单，缺点是管理起来不太方便。

第二种是通过官方自带的mysqld_multi使用单独的配置文件来实现多实例，这种方式定制每个实例的配置不太方面，优点是管理起来很方便，集中管理。

下面就分别来实战这两种多实例的安装和管理

先来学习第一种使用多个配置文件启动多个不同进程的情况：

环境介绍：

mysql 版本：5.1.50

操作系统：SUSE 11

mysql实例数：3个

实例占用端口分别为：3306、3307、3308

创建mysql用户：

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

编译安装mysql：

tar xzvf mysql-5.1.50.tar.gzcd mysql-5.1.50./configure '--prefix=/usr/local/mysql' '--with-charset=utf8' '--with-extra-charsets=complex' '--with-pthread' '--enable-thread-safe-client' '--with-ssl' '--with-client-ldflags=-all-static' '--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static' '--with-plugins=partition,innobase,blackhole,myisam,innodb_plugin,heap,archive' '--enable-shared' '--enable-assembler'makemake install

初始化数据库：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3306 --user=mysql/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3307 --user=mysql/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3308 --user=mysql

创建配置文件

vim /data/dbdata_3306/my.cnf

3306的配置文件如下：

[client]port = 3306socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock[mysqld]datadir=/data/dbdata_3306/skip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1port = 3306socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sockback_log = 50max_connections = 300max_connect_errors = 1000table_open_cache = 2048max_allowed_packet = 16Mbinlog_cache_size = 2Mmax_heap_table_size = 64Msort_buffer_size = 2Mjoin_buffer_size = 2Mthread_cache_size = 64thread_concurrency = 8query_cache_size = 64Mquery_cache_limit = 2Mft_min_word_len = 4default-storage-engine = innodbthread_stack = 192Ktransaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size = 64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time = 1server-id = 1key_buffer_size = 8Mread_buffer_size = 2Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size = 10Gmyisam_repair_threads = 1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 200Minnodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads = 8innodb_thread_concurrency = 16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1innodb_log_buffer_size = 16Minnodb_log_file_size = 512Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 256M[mysql]no-auto-rehashprompt=u@d R:m>[myisamchk]key_buffer_size = 512Msort_buffer_size = 512Mread_buffer = 8Mwrite_buffer = 8M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout[mysqld_safe]open-files-limit = 8192

vim /data/dbdata_3307/my.cnf

3307的配置文件如下：

[client]port = 3307socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock[mysqld]datadir=/data/dbdata_3307/skip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1port = 3307socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sockback_log = 50max_connections = 300max_connect_errors = 1000table_open_cache = 2048max_allowed_packet = 16Mbinlog_cache_size = 2Mmax_heap_table_size = 64Msort_buffer_size = 2Mjoin_buffer_size = 2Mthread_cache_size = 64thread_concurrency = 8query_cache_size = 64Mquery_cache_limit = 2Mft_min_word_len = 4default-storage-engine = innodbthread_stack = 192Ktransaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size = 64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time = 1server-id = 1key_buffer_size = 8Mread_buffer_size = 2Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size = 10Gmyisam_repair_threads = 1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 200Minnodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads = 8innodb_thread_concurrency = 16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1innodb_log_buffer_size = 16Minnodb_log_file_size = 512Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 256M[mysql]no-auto-rehashprompt=u@d R:m>[myisamchk]key_buffer_size = 512Msort_buffer_size = 512Mread_buffer = 8Mwrite_buffer = 8M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout[mysqld_safe]open-files-limit = 8192

vim /data/dbdata_3308/my.cnf

3308的配置文件如下：

[client]port = 3308socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock[mysqld]datadir=/data/dbdata_3308/skip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1port = 3308socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockback_log = 50max_connections = 300max_connect_errors = 1000table_open_cache = 2048max_allowed_packet = 16Mbinlog_cache_size = 2Mmax_heap_table_size = 64Msort_buffer_size = 2Mjoin_buffer_size = 2Mthread_cache_size = 64thread_concurrency = 8query_cache_size = 64Mquery_cache_limit = 2Mft_min_word_len = 4default-storage-engine = innodbthread_stack = 192Ktransaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size = 64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time = 1server-id = 1key_buffer_size = 8Mread_buffer_size = 2Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size = 10Gmyisam_repair_threads = 1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 200Minnodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads = 8innodb_thread_concurrency = 16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1innodb_log_buffer_size = 16Minnodb_log_file_size = 512Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 256M[mysql]no-auto-rehashprompt=u@d R:m>[myisamchk]key_buffer_size = 512Msort_buffer_size = 512Mread_buffer = 8Mwrite_buffer = 8M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout[mysqld_safe]open-files-limit = 8192

创建自动启动文件

vim /data/dbdata_3306/mysqld

3306的启动文件如下：

#!/bin/bashmysql_port=3306mysql_username="admin"mysql_password="password"function_start_mysql(){printf "Starting MySQL..."/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &}function_stop_mysql(){printf "Stoping MySQL..."/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown}function_restart_mysql(){printf "Restarting MySQL..."function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql}function_kill_mysql(){kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')}case $1 instart)function_start_mysql;;stop)function_stop_mysql;;kill)function_kill_mysql;;restart)function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql;;*)echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;esac

vim /data/dbdata_3307/mysqld

3307的启动文件如下：

#!/bin/bashmysql_port=3307mysql_username="admin"mysql_password="password"function_start_mysql(){printf "Starting MySQL..."/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &}function_stop_mysql(){printf "Stoping MySQL..."/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown}function_restart_mysql(){printf "Restarting MySQL..."function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql}function_kill_mysql(){kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')}case $1 instart)function_start_mysql;;stop)function_stop_mysql;;kill)function_kill_mysql;;restart)function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql;;*)echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;esac

vim /data/dbdata_3308/mysqld

3308的启动文件如下：

#!/bin/bashmysql_port=3308mysql_username="admin"mysql_password="password"function_start_mysql(){printf "Starting MySQL..."/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &}function_stop_mysql(){printf "Stoping MySQL..."/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown}function_restart_mysql(){printf "Restarting MySQL..."function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql}function_kill_mysql(){kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')}case $1 instart)function_start_mysql;;stop)function_stop_mysql;;kill)function_kill_mysql;;restart)function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql;;*)echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;esac

启动3306、3307、3308的mysql

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1 查看详情

/data/dbdata_3306/mysqld start/data/dbdata_3307/mysqld start/data/dbdata_3308/mysqld start

更改原来密码（处于安全考虑，还需要删除系统中没有密码的帐号，这里省略了）：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock

登录测试并创建关闭mysql的帐号权限，mysqld脚本要用到！

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockGRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';flush privileges;/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockGRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';flush privileges;/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockGRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';flush privileges;

创建了admin帐号以后脚本的stop功能和restart功能就正常了！

更改环境变量

vim /etc/profile 添加下面一行内容PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin/source /etc/profile

添加到自动启动

vim /etc/init.d/boot.local/data/dbdata_3306/mysqld start/data/dbdata_3307/mysqld start/data/dbdata_3308/mysqld start

如果是rhel或者centos系统的话自启动文件/etc/rc.local

 管理的话，在本地都是采用 -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock，如果在远程可以通过不同的端口连接上去坐管理操作。其他的和单实例的管理没什么区别！

再来看第二种通过官方自带的mysqld_multi来实现多实例实战：

这里的mysql安装以及数据库的初始化和前面的步骤一样，就不再赘述。

mysqld_multi的配置

vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld_multi]mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safemysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladminuser = adminpassword = password[mysqld1]socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sockport = 3306pid-file = /data/dbdata_3306/3306.piddatadir = /data/dbdata_3306user = mysqlskip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1back_log = 50max_connections = 300max_connect_errors = 1000table_open_cache = 2048max_allowed_packet = 16Mbinlog_cache_size = 2Mmax_heap_table_size = 64Msort_buffer_size = 2Mjoin_buffer_size = 2Mthread_cache_size = 64thread_concurrency = 8query_cache_size = 64Mquery_cache_limit = 2Mft_min_word_len = 4default-storage-engine = innodbthread_stack = 192Ktransaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size = 64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time = 1server-id = 1key_buffer_size = 8Mread_buffer_size = 2Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size = 10Gmyisam_repair_threads = 1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 200Minnodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads = 8innodb_thread_concurrency = 16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1innodb_log_buffer_size = 16Minnodb_log_file_size = 512Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120[mysqld2]socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sockport = 3307pid-file = /data/dbdata_3307/3307.piddatadir = /data/dbdata_3307user = mysqlskip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1back_log = 50max_connections = 300max_connect_errors = 1000table_open_cache = 2048max_allowed_packet = 16Mbinlog_cache_size = 2Mmax_heap_table_size = 64Msort_buffer_size = 2Mjoin_buffer_size = 2Mthread_cache_size = 64thread_concurrency = 8query_cache_size = 64Mquery_cache_limit = 2Mft_min_word_len = 4default-storage-engine = innodbthread_stack = 192Ktransaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size = 64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time = 1server-id = 1key_buffer_size = 8Mread_buffer_size = 2Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size = 10Gmyisam_repair_threads = 1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 200Minnodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads = 8innodb_thread_concurrency = 16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1innodb_log_buffer_size = 16Minnodb_log_file_size = 512Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120[mysqld3]socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockport = 3308pid-file = /data/dbdata_3308/3308.piddatadir = /data/dbdata_3308user = mysqlskip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1back_log = 50max_connections = 300max_connect_errors = 1000table_open_cache = 2048max_allowed_packet = 16Mbinlog_cache_size = 2Mmax_heap_table_size = 64Msort_buffer_size = 2Mjoin_buffer_size = 2Mthread_cache_size = 64thread_concurrency = 8query_cache_size = 64Mquery_cache_limit = 2Mft_min_word_len = 4default-storage-engine = innodbthread_stack = 192Ktransaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size = 64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time = 1server-id = 1key_buffer_size = 8Mread_buffer_size = 2Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size = 10Gmyisam_repair_threads = 1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 200Minnodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads = 8innodb_thread_concurrency = 16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1innodb_log_buffer_size = 16Minnodb_log_file_size = 512Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 256M[mysql]no-auto-rehashprompt=u@d R:m>[myisamchk]key_buffer_size = 512Msort_buffer_size = 512Mread_buffer = 8Mwrite_buffer = 8M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout[mysqld_safe]open-files-limit = 8192

mysqld_multi启动

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 2/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3

或者采用一条命令的形式：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1-3

更改原来密码（处于安全考虑，还需要删除系统中没有密码的帐号，这里省略了）：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock

登录测试并创建admin密码(停止mysql的时候需要使用到)

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockGRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';flush privileges;/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockGRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';flush privileges;/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockGRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';flush privileges;

更改环境变量

vim /etc/profilePATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin/source /etc/profile

添加到自动启动

vim /etc/init.d/boot.local/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1-3

如果是rhel或者centos系统的话自启动文件/etc/rc.local

管理的话，在本地都是采用 -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock，如果在远程可以通过不同的端口连接上去坐管理操作。其他的和单实例的管理没什么区别！

大家在管理多实例的话可以使用mysqlmanager实例管理器，管理器来会比较方面，限于篇幅，这里就不在多做介绍！

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