MySQL用户中的%到底包不包括localhost?
1 前言
操作mysql的时候发现，有时只建了%的账号，可以通过localhost连接，有时候却不可以，网上搜索也找不到满意的答案，干脆手动测试一波
推荐学习：《mysql视频教程》
2 两种连接方法
这里说的两种连接方法指是执行mysql命令时，%参数填的是localhost还是mysql, 两种连接方式的区别如下
-h 参数为 localhost
当-h参数为localhost的时候，实际上是使用IP连接的（默认连接方式）, 实例如下
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhostEnter password: ========= 省略 ===========mysql> status/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapperConnection id: 9Current database: Current user: test_user@localhostSSL: Not in useCurrent pager: stdoutUsing outfile: ''Using delimiter: ;Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)Protocol version: 10Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
从-h可以看到用户是localhost, 连接方式为socket
-h 参数为 IP
当Current user参数为xx@localhost的时候，实际上是使用Localhost via UNIX socket连接的, 实例如下
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1Enter password: ========= 省略 ===========mysql> status--------------/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapperConnection id: 11Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHACurrent pager: stdoutUsing outfile: ''Using delimiter: ;Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)Protocol version: 10Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IPServer characterset: utf8
从-h可以看到用户是IP, 连接方式为TCP
3 不同版本的差别
测试方法就是看能不能连接，如果不想看测试过程可以拉到最后看结论
3.1 MySQL 8.0
创建用户
mysql> select version();+-----------+| version() |+-----------+| 8.0.11 |+-----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
使用 localhost 登录
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhostEnter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 9Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL========= 省略 ===========mysql> status--------------/usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id: 9Current database: Current user: test_user@localhostSSL: Not in useCurrent pager: stdoutUsing outfile: ''Using delimiter: ;Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPLProtocol version: 10Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket...
使用 IP 登录
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 8Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL========= 省略 ===========mysql> status--------------/usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)Connection id: 8Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256Current pager: stdoutUsing outfile: ''Using delimiter: ;Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPLProtocol version: 10Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
结果显示Current user版本的xx@127.0.0.1, TCP/IP 包括8.0
3.2 MySQL 5.7
创建 % 用户
db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
使用 localhost 登录
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost========= 省略 ===========mysql> status/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapperConnection id: 9Current database: Current user: test_user@localhostSSL: Not in useCurrent pager: stdoutUsing outfile: ''Using delimiter: ;Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)Protocol version: 10Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket....
使用 IP 登录
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1Enter password: ========= 省略 ===========mysql> status--------------/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapperConnection id: 11Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHACurrent pager: stdoutUsing outfile: ''Using delimiter: ;Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)Protocol version: 10Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IPServer characterset: utf8...
结果显示MySQL版本的%, localhost 包括5.7
3.3 MySQL 5.6
创建用户
db83-3306>>select version();+------------+| version() |+------------+| 5.6.10-log |+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
使用 localhost 登录
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhostEnter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
使用 IP 登录
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 3Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)========= 省略 ===========mysql> status--------------/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapperConnection id: 3Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1SSL: Not in useCurrent pager: stdoutUsing outfile: ''Using delimiter: ;Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)Protocol version: 10Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP......--------------
结果显示MySQL的%不包括localhost
3.4 MySQL 5.1
创建用户
mysql> select version();+-----------+| version() |+-----------+| 5.1.73 |+-----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
使用 localhost 登录
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -pEnter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
使用 IP 登录
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 4901339Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution========= 省略 ===========mysql> status--------------mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1Connection id: 4901339Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1SSL: Not in useCurrent pager: stdoutUsing outfile: ''Using delimiter: ;Server version: 5.1.73 Source distributionProtocol version: 10Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
结果显示 MySQL 5.6 版本的%不包括localhost
3.5 MariaDB 10.3
创建用户
db83-3306>>select version();+---------------------+| version() |+---------------------+| 10.3.11-MariaDB-log |+---------------------+1 row in set (0.000 sec)db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
使用 localhost 登录
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhostEnter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
使用 IP 登录
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MariaDB connection id is 12Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server========= 省略 ===========MariaDB [(none)]> status--------------/usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.3.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1Connection id: 12Current database: Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1SSL: Not in useCurrent pager: stdoutUsing outfile: ''Using delimiter: ;Server: MariaDBServer version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB ServerProtocol version: 10Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
结果显示5.1的%不包括localhost
4 结论
%是否包括localhostMySQL8.0包括MySQL5.7包括MySQL5.6不包括MySQL5.1不包括MariaDB 10.3不包括
以上就是分析MySQL用户中的百分号%是否包含localhost?的详细内容，更多请关注创想鸟其它相关文章！
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