centos 怎么离线安装 mysql

centos离线安装mysql的方法：1、将lib中的所有依赖上传到linux中，并用yum命令进行安装；2、解压MySQL并把文件复制到想要安装的目录；3、修改my.cnf配置文件；4、复制启动脚本到资源目录并修改启动脚本；5、将mysqld服务加入到系统服务里面；6、将mysql客户端配置到环境变量中，并使配置生效即可。

本教程操作环境：centOS 7系统、MySQL 5.6版本、Dell G3电脑。

centos 怎么离线安装 mysql？

centOS 7 离线安装 MySQL 5.6

准备环境

1、离线 centOS 7（此处为 centOS 7 最小安装）

2、nginx 安装文件 （mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 已放到下面的链接中，请自行下载或自己去官网下载最新版）

3、nginx 依赖包 （目前已放到 lib 目录中，可自行下载）

目前所有安装所需要的包和依赖都可去以下地址自行根据所对应软件进行下载

https://gitee.com/livekeys/linux-offline-installation-software

一、卸载 mariadb

查询之前是否有 mariadb ，有就将其删除，并删除以前的配置文件 /etc/my.cnf

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb*mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs --nodeps[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb*[root@localhost ~]# rm -f /etc/my.cnf[root@localhost ~]#

二、安装依赖

将 lib 中的所有依赖上传到 linux 中，并用命令进行安装

[root@localhost lib]# yum -y localinstall *.rpm

三、安装 MySQL 5.6

1、解压并把文件复制到你想要安装的目录（此处我将 /opt/mysql 作为安装目录）

[root@localhost mysql_install]# tar -xzvf mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz[root@localhost mysql_install]# lslib  mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz[root@localhost mysql_install]# cp -R mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /opt/mysql[root@localhost mysql_install]# cd /opt/mysql[root@localhost mysql]# lsbin  data  docs  include  lib  LICENSE  man  mysql-test  README  scripts  share  sql-bench  support-files

2、新建 mysql 组和 mysql 用户，并将 mysql 目录更换成 mysql 用户组

[root@localhost mysql]# groupadd mysql[root@localhost mysql]# useradd -g mysql mysql[root@localhost mysql]# cd ..[root@localhost opt]# lsmysql[root@localhost opt]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql[root@localhost opt]# lltotal 0drwxr-xr-x. 13 mysql mysql 191 Mar 23 01:42 mysql[root@localhost opt]# cd mysql[root@localhost mysql]# lltotal 224drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql   4096 Mar 23 01:42 bindrwxr-xr-x.  3 mysql mysql     18 Mar 23 01:42 datadrwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql     55 Mar 23 01:42 docsdrwxr-xr-x.  3 mysql mysql   4096 Mar 23 01:42 includedrwxr-xr-x.  3 mysql mysql   4096 Mar 23 01:42 lib-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql mysql 200256 Mar 23 01:42 LICENSEdrwxr-xr-x.  4 mysql mysql     30 Mar 23 01:42 mandrwxr-xr-x. 10 mysql mysql   4096 Mar 23 01:42 mysql-test-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql mysql    566 Mar 23 01:42 READMEdrwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql     30 Mar 23 01:42 scriptsdrwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql   4096 Mar 23 01:42 sharedrwxr-xr-x.  4 mysql mysql   4096 Mar 23 01:42 sql-benchdrwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql    136 Mar 23 01:42 support-files

3、新建 /var/lib/mysql 目录用于存放 mysq.sock（也可以新建其他的目录），并将该目录所属组更改成 myql

[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql[root@localhost mysql]# ls -al /var/lib/mysqltotal 4drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql    6 Mar 23 01:51 .drwxr-xr-x. 26 root  root  4096 Mar 23 01:51 ..

4、进入 mysql 安装目录，进行初始化 mysql

[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/dataInstalling MySQL system tables...2022-03-23 01:53:51 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2022-03-23 01:53:51 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.2022-03-23 01:53:51 0 [Note] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.51) starting as process 13346 ...2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.112022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created!2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile02022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=457812022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created.2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.51 started; log sequence number 02022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] Binlog end2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.2022-03-23 01:53:51 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...2022-03-23 01:53:53 13346 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977OKFilling help tables...2022-03-23 01:53:53 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2022-03-23 01:53:53 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.2022-03-23 01:53:53 0 [Note] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.51) starting as process 13368 ...2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.112022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.51 started; log sequence number 16259772022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /opt/mysql/data//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] Binlog end2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.2022-03-23 01:53:53 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...2022-03-23 01:53:55 13368 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987OKTo start mysqld at boot time you have to copysupport-files/mysql.server to the right place for your systemPLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:  /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'  /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password'Alternatively you can run:  /opt/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installationwhich will also give you the option of removing the testdatabases and anonymous user created by default.  This isstrongly recommended for production servers.See the manual for more instructions.You can start the MySQL daemon with:  cd . ; /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl  cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.plPlease report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at  http://www.mysql.comSupport MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.comNew default config file was created as /opt/mysql/my.cnf andwill be used by default by the server when you start it.You may edit this file to change server settings

4、复制和修改配置文件

[root@localhost mysql]# cp ./support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf[root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf[root@localhost mysql]# chmod 644 /etc/my.cnf

my.cnf 配置文件内容如下：（这里根据自己的需求修改其他配置）

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注意以下几点：

socket 写上面我们第三步新建的那个目录basedir 为 mysql 安装目录datadir 为数据目录（这里是 mysql 安装目录下的 data 目录）

[mysql]# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集default-character-set=utf8socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock[mysqld]skip-name-resolve#设置 13306 端口port = 13306socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock# 设置mysql的安装目录basedir=/opt/mysql# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录datadir=/opt/mysql/data# 允许最大连接数max_connections=200# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集character-set-server=utf8# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎default-storage-engine=INNODBlower_case_table_name=1max_allowed_packet=16M

5、复制启动脚本到资源目录

[root@localhost mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld[root@localhost mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld[root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

6、修改启动脚本

[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

注：因为，我没有将 mysql 安装在 /usr/local/mysql 目录下，所以在启动文件里需要修改以下两个值

basedir=/opt/mysqldatadir=/opt/mysql/data

7、将 mysqld 服务加入到系统服务里面

[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqldNote: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native      systemd configuration.      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.      To see services enabled on particular target use      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

8、使用命令 systemctl 启动 mysql 服务（Active 状态为 active (running) 即为启动成功）

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysql[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysql● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)   Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-03-23 02:11:17 EDT; 5s ago     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)  Process: 13452 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service           ├─13463 /bin/sh /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --pid-file=/opt/mysql/data/lo...           └─13688 /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/opt/mys...Mar 23 02:11:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...Mar 23 02:11:16 localhost.localdomain mysqld[13452]: Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/mysql/data/localhost....r'.Mar 23 02:11:17 localhost.localdomain mysqld[13452]: SUCCESS!Mar 23 02:11:17 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

9、将 mysql 客户端配置到环境变量中，并使配置生效

[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/profile# 在末尾增加以下两行export MYSQL_HOME=/opt/mysqlexport PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH[root@localhost mysql]# source /etc/profile

10、测试是否能连接 mysql

注：第一次登录不需要密码，直接回车就行

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pEnter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 5.6.51 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>

11、配置 root 账号的密码为 P@ssw0rd

mysql> use mysql;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> update user set password=password('P@ssw0rd') where user='root' and host='localhost';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

12、设置远程主机登录

mysql> use mysql;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'P@ssw0rd' with grant option;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

13、重启 mysqld 服务并测试登录

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysql[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pEnter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 5.6.51 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || performance_schema || test               |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

至此，已完成 mysql 5.6 的安装

如有错误的地方，欢迎留言指正，谢谢！

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